Copper as a Strategic Mineral for Clean Energy, Mobility, and Digital Infrastructure

Copper, often termed the 'metals of electrification,' is emerging as a strategic mineral supporting the transition to clean energy, electric transport, and digital infrastructure. India produces less than half of its domestic copper requirement, resulting in overwhelming dependence on imports and an escalating $6.8 billion trade deficit in FY-2024.

Every solar panel, wind turbine, and transmission line depends on copper. Electric vehicles need 2-4 times more copper than petrol cars. Furthermore, digital infrastructure like data centres and 5G networks are highly copper-intensive.

To secure copper for the future, India needs to: 1) Diversify overseas supply through joint ventures in Chile, Peru, and Africa. 2) Expand domestic refining alongside assured concentrate supply. 3) Boost recycling from e-waste. 4) Establish strategic reserves to protect against disruptions.